Page Comparison

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Produces output similar to this:

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There are two three sub-directories under the /stor/work/CBRS_unix directory: fastq, test and unix, each with their own sub-directories and files. Again, notice how tree colors file with the extension .gz differently. These are FASTQ files, compressed using the gzip protocol, produced by a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) run in our Genome Sequencing and Analysis (GSAF) core facility.

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• character 1 describes the file type (d for directory, - for regular file, l for symbolic link)
• the remaining 9 characters are 3 sets of 3-character designations
  • characters 2-4: what the owning user account can do
  • characters 5-7: what other members of the associated Unix group can do
  • characters 8-19: what other non-group members (everyone) can do

Each of the 3-character sets describes if read ( r ) write ( w or s ) and execute ( x ) actions are allowed, or not allowed ( - ).

• read ( r ) access means file contents can be read, and it can be copied
• write ( w or s ) access means a file's contents can be changed, and directory contents can be modified (files added or

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• deleted)
• execute ( x )
  • For files, execute ( x ) means it is a program that can be called/executed (e.g. /usr/bin/ls, the file that performs the ls command)
  • For directories, execute ( x ) means directory operations may be performed/executed
    • the directorycan be listed and changed into

Examples:

ls -l ~/haiku.txt

ls -l /usr/bin/ls

ls -ld ~/docs (-d says to list directory information, not directory contents)