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Be aware of the default field delimiter for the various bash utilities, and how to change them:

utility default delimiter how to change example

cut Tab -d or --delimiter option cut -d ':' -f 1 /etc/passwd

sort whitespace
(one ore more spaces or Tabs) -t or --field-separator option sort -t ':' -k1,1 /etc/passwd

awk

whitespace (one ore more spaces or Tabs)

Note: some older versions of awk do not treat Tabs as field separators.

In the BEGIN { } block
- FS= (input field separator)
- OFS= (output field separator)
-F or --field-separator option

cat

sampleinfo.txt

/etc/fstab | grep -v '^#' | awk 'BEGIN{

FS=

OFS="\t"}{print $2,$1

,$3

`}'` `cat /etc/passwd \| awk -F ":" '{print $1}'`
join	one or more spaces	-t option	`join -t $'\t' -j 2 file1 file12`
perl	whitespace (one ore more spaces or Tabs) when auto-splitting input with -a	-F'/<pattern>/' option	`cat`

sampleinfo.txt

/etc/fstab | grep -v '^#' | perl -F'/\

t

s+/' -a -n -e 'print "$F[

0

1]\t$F[

2

`0]\n";'`
read	whitespace (one or more spaces or Tabs)	IFS= (input field separator) option	Note that a bare IFS= removes any field separator, so whole lines are read each loop iteration.

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